3 major body fluid compartments6/22/2023 ![]() More than 90 percent of the calcium and phosphate that enters the body is incorporated into bones and teeth, with bone serving as a mineral reserve for these ions. These ions enter the body through the digestive tract. These six ions aid in nerve excitability, endocrine secretion, membrane permeability, buffering body fluids, and controlling the movement of fluids between compartments. In terms of body functioning, six electrolytes are most important: sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, calcium, and phosphate. All of the ions in plasma contribute to the osmotic balance that controls the movement of water between cells and their environment.Įlectrolytes in living systems include sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, calcium, phosphate, magnesium, copper, zinc, iron, manganese, molybdenum, copper, and chromium. Still others aid in releasing hormones from endocrine glands. Other ions help to stabilize protein structures in enzymes. ![]() Some ions assist in the transmission of electrical impulses along cell membranes in neurons and muscles. The body contains a large variety of ions, or electrolytes, which perform a variety of functions. Describe the role of aldosterone on the level of water in the body.Identify the predominant extracellular anion.Name the disorders associated with abnormally high and low levels of the six electrolytes.List the role of the six most important electrolytes in the body.The fact that we see a lot of Ca and HCO3 is because Ca(HCO 3) 2 is bicarbonate.By the end of this section, you will be able to: The fact that we see a lot of Na and Cl is because that’s salt. ![]() Proteins in general have a weak negative polarity. Protein – (due to negatively charged amino acids in proteins) This chart says ICF AND EXF and lists the electrolytes found most often. There are very important differences between the electrolytes inside and outside the cell which we will talk about in detail in the future. How much blood would you have to have to have lost for them to do an IV drip? You would have had to lose more than a liter of your blood volume, which is about 20% of your blood. Then they tell you to drink some orange juice, eat a cookie and you’ll be okay. If you go to donate blood, they take about a 1/10th of a liter of blood. So our reference person has 0.08 x 70kg = 5.6kg = 5.6L of blood. Remember, we can calculate volume from mass without a problem because that’s the beauty of the metric system (1.0kg water = 1.0L water) Total Blood Volume (TBV)īlood is made up of blood cells and blood plasma. Ascites is the buildup of the peritoneal fluid (abdominal edema). Hydrocephalus is when too much fluid from the blood stream is building up in the CSF. If you injure your knee, fluid starts to flow from your blood stream into the sinovial fluid and starts to build up. The fluid inside your eyeball is intraocular fluid (sometimes called vitreous humour). We also have slippery serous fluids in our abdominal and chest cavities, known as peritoneal fluid and pleural fluid, respectively. Sinovial fluids are the slippery fluids contained within the sinovial joints such as the knee, elbow, and between the tibia and femur. For example, CSF surrounds your brain and spinal cord and it’s contained in your skull and your spinal column. Transcellular fluids are ECF that are contained in specific anatomical areas of the body, within epithelial lined spaces. Transcellular fluid: Often not calculated as a fraction of the extracellular fluid, but it is about 2.5% of TBW. Now to make things slightly more complicated, there’s really three types of ECF: E comes before I in the alphabet, so E is 1/3rd and I is 2/3rd. Mnemonic to help you remember which is 1/3rd and 2/3rd: ECF and ICF. ECF is also known as interstitial fluid because it’s the fluid in between the cells. Intracellular Fluid (ICF): The amount of water that’s inside our cells accounts for 2/3rds of our TBW.Įxtracellular Fluid (ECF): The amount of water that surrounds our cells accounts for 1/3 of our TBW. TBW: 0.6 x 68.9kg is 41kg which means we have 41L TBW. So anyway, the answer is very close to that. If we divide 2 into 150, that would be 75kg. Normally you would have used your calculator to do this but I beg you estimate what the right number should be. Why is body weight expressed in kilograms? Because the metric system is very clever: One liter of fluid weighs one kilogram. The first thing we need to do is convert pounds to kilograms. So, sometimes we need to estimate what is the total amount of water a person is made of. ![]() You know water is the major thing that living things are made of and as a nurse, you’re going to need to make sure your patients hydration levels are appropriate.
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